Pepper, known as the "king of spices," is derived from the Piper nigrum plant and is available in black, white, green, and red varieties. Black pepper offers a pungent, spicy flavor, while white pepper provides a milder taste, ideal for light-colored dishes. Green peppercorns have a fresh, vibrant flavor perfect for sauces and pickling, and rare red peppercorns bring a sweet, fruity spice. Versatile and flavorful, pepper enhances a wide range of dishes and offers potential health benefits such as aiding digestion and providing antioxidants.